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The Hong Kong-Zhuhai-Macao Bridge is a cross-sea passage connecting Hong Kong, Zhuhai, and Macao. Stretching approximately 55 kilometers, it includes a main bridge, a harbour crossing tunnel, and artificial islands, making it one of the world's longest bridge-cum-tunnel combination projects. Opened in 2018, it significantly reduces travel time between the three regions, promoting economic integration in the Greater Bay Area and establishing itself as a major channel for regional logistics and tourism.

The Tseung Kwan O Cross Bay Bridge is Hong Kong's first "three-in-one" marine viaduct that integrates a carriageway, cycle track, and footway. Spanning 1.8 kilometers across Tseung Kwan O Bay, it officially opened in December 2022 to alleviate long-standing traffic congestion in the Tseung Kwan O Tunnel. The bridge's design features a double-arch steel structure resembling the mathematical symbol of infinity "∞", symbolizing "Eternity Arch”.

The Tsing Ma Bridge connects Tsing Yi Island and Ma Wan, serving as a primary link between Hong Kong International Airport and the urban area. Opened in 1997, it spans 2,160 meters and is Hong Kong's first double-deck suspension bridge accommodating both road and rail traffic. The upper deck has six traffic lanes, while the lower deck houses the MTR Airport Express and Tung Chung Line tracks, along with emergency lane. It is designed to withstand wind speeds of up to 334 kilometers per hour.

The Dongjiang Water Supply System has been supplying water to Hong Kong since 1965. Water is drawn from the Dongjiang River in Guangdong and transported to Hong Kong via an 80-kilometer-long aqueduct. Currently, Dongjiang water meets 70-80% of Hong Kong's drinking water demand, making it the backbone of Hong Kong's water supply. Over the years, the system has been enhanced through various improvement projects to ensure reliable water supply. Annual maintenance and repairs are conducted to prevent interruptions, with local reservoirs providing backup during the temporary suspension of Dongjiang water supply for maintenance.

The Kai Tak District Cooling System is Hong Kong's first large-scale energy-efficient and environmentally friendly infrastructure project. With a cooling capacity of 462 megawatts, it serves an air-conditioned floor area of 2.54 million square meters. When the system is fully operated, it is estimated to save 138 million kWh of electricity annually and reduce 96,500 tons of carbon dioxide emissions. The project has been rolled out in phases from 2013 to 2028 and currently serves facilities such as the cruise terminal, sports park, hospital, and private projects in the area.

The Tseung Kwan O Desalination Plant is the Water Supplies Department's first desalination facility using reverse osmosis to produce drinking water. Located in Area 137 of Tseung Kwan O, the plant has a daily production capacity of 135,000 cubic meters, equivalent to 5% of daily water consumption in Hong Kong. The project aims to address the impact of climate change on water resources by providing a stable water supply unaffected by rainfall.

The “Harbour Area Treatment Scheme” is Hong Kong's largest sewage treatment infrastructure project, implemented in two phases over more than 20 years. The first phase began operation in 2001, treating 75% of the sewage from both sides of Victoria Harbour, covering Kowloon, Kwai Tsing, and the northeastern part of Hong Kong Island. The second phase, Phase 2A, became fully operational in 2015, collecting sewage from North Point to Ap Lei Chau and serving a population of 5.7 million.

T·PARK is located in Tsang Tsui, Tuen Mun, and is Hong Kong's first dedicated sludge treatment facility for sewage treatment plants. Opened in 2015, the facility uses advanced fluidized bed incineration technology, capable of processing up to 2,000 tons of sludge daily, reducing the pressure on landfills. The heat generated during the incineration process is recovered and converted into electricity, "waste into energy" to power the facility, with excess electricity exported to the public grid.

The Development Bureau and Drainage Services Department initiated the "Revitalization of Tsui Ping River" project in 2020, which was completed in 2024. The project transformed a 1-kilometer-long concrete nullah into a riverfront public space with flood prevention, ecological, and recreational functions. The project included deepening the riverbed, installing smart water gates to manage water levels, and integrating landscaping, greening, and ecological improvements, turning the nullah into a vibrant river and a new green landmark in East Kowloon.

Hong Kong's largest-span cavern (36.2 meters) is being developed into a multi-story building project. With a total budget of approximately HKD 4.9 billion, construction began in July 2023 and is expected to be completed by 2028. The project is divided into two parts: the first involves relocating the Kowloon Bay Public Works Central Laboratory to the cavern and constructing a three-story building (total area of 6,000 square meters), while freeing up 0.8 hectares of land for residential development. The second part involves building a four-story (three-story within the cavern) government archives center for historical records (total area of 6,500 square meters).

The Central Government Offices at Tamar is the administrative center of the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region Government, comprising the Central Government Offices, the Legislative Council Complex, and an open park. Completed in 2012, the project's landscape planning is centered around the concept of "social participation," creating green recreational areas in a highly dense urban environment and serving as an important venue for community events.

The City University of Hong Kong Lee Shau Kee Student Residence Village was constructed using the "Modular Integrated Construction" method and officially opened in the third quarter of 2024. The project consists of six buildings with a total floor area of approximately 48,000 square meters, using 1,344 prefabricated steel components to provide 2,168 bedspaces. Public spaces, corridors, bathrooms, and machine rooms all employ MiC technology, along with green facilities, solar panels, and an intelligent building management system.

The Hong Kong Convention and Exhibition Centre (HKCEC) is Hong Kong's primary large-scale conference and exhibition venue and a well-known landmark. Opened in 1988, the HKCEC features what was then the world's largest glass curtain wall facing Victoria Harbour. The HKCEC hosts numerous large-scale exhibitions and events annually, including major book fairs and concerts, and has been awarded the title of Asia's Best Convention and Exhibition Centre multiple times.

Wah Fu Estate, completed in 1968, was Asia's first housing estate planned and designed with the "township" concept. The estate is built against a mountain and faces the sea, with lower buildings near the coastline to ensure more residents can enjoy sea views. Each platform is connected by staircases, slopes, linkages, and "sky lobbies" at different heights, integrating space, people, and nature, complemented by landscape design to create communal public spaces. The planning and architectural design of Wah Fu Estate were highly forward-looking at the time.

The Hong Kong Coliseum is a primary venue for large-scale sports events and pop concerts. Opened in 1983, the venue has approximately 12,000 seats. It's unique shape, wide at the top and narrow at the bottom with no supporting pillars, ensures that every audience member has a clear view of the activities in the center of the venue. It underwent renovations in 2008, upgrading all facilities to meet international standards for hosting large-scale events and competitions.

The Hong Kong Chinese Medicine Hospital and the adjacent Government Chinese Medicines Testing Centre serve as flagship platforms for clinical teaching, research, and international exchange in Chinese medicine, promoting the integration of Chinese and Western medicine and the internationalization of Chinese medicine. The project's design incorporates traditional Chinese medicine cultural elements and utilizes innovative construction technologies, including low-carbon building techniques and green energy systems.

The University of Hong Kong Main Building is the oldest structure at the university, completed and opened in 1912. Designed in the post-Renaissance architectural style, it is a classic example of Hong Kong's architectural revival. The exterior of the building was declared a monument in 1984.

The Northern Metropolis covers Yuen Long District and North District, totaling approximately 30,000 hectares, about one-third of Hong Kong's total area. It is being developed into a metropolis that will ultimately accommodate around 2.5 million residents and provide approximately 650,000 jobs. Major new development areas, including Kwu Tung North/Fanling North, Hung Shui Kiu/Ha Tsuen, Yuen Long South, and San Tin Technopole (including the Lok Ma Chau Loop, Hong Kong-Shenzhen Innovation and Technology Park), are already under construction.

The Tung Chung New Town Extension is Hong Kong's first large-scale new town project driven by land reclamation and smart construction site technologies, with a target completion date of 2030. The project includes reclaiming 130 hectares of land and leveling 7 hectares of land, providing approximately 64,800 residential flats and 877,000 square meters of commercial floor space, accommodating a population of about 182,000 and creating 40,000 jobs.

Located in the West Kowloon Cultural District, M+ is Asia's first global museum focused on visual culture. Its horizontal base platform and slender vertical tower form an upside-down "T" shape. The museum has 17,000 square meters of exhibition space, including 33 galleries, three cinemas, and a multimedia center. The M+ Facade, facing the harbour, is embedded with LEDs for screening moving image works by artists.

Photo Credit:

M+ Drone 1 and 2: M+
攝影：Joe Wong
圖片由M+提供

M+ Main Hall 1 and 2: M+地下大堂
攝影：Kevin Mak © Kevin Mak
圖片由Herzog & de Meuron提供

How to Build a Museum
© Vincent Broquaire. Commissioned by M+, 2021

The Kai Tak Sports Park is Hong Kong's largest sports infrastructure, covering 28 hectares. The park features a main stadium with a capacity of 50,000, equipped with a retractable roof, one of the world's best soundproofing facilities, and a flexible pitch surface. The park also includes an indoor sports arena and public sports fields.

The Hong Kong International Airport Three-Runway System involves reclaiming 650 hectares of land north of the airport island, an area equivalent to 34 Victoria Parks. The project includes building a new 3,800-meter-long runway and expanding the Terminal 2 building. The three-runway system officially opened in November 2024, with all three runways operating simultaneously, further enhancing the airport's capacity and solidifying Hong Kong's position as an international aviation hub.

Railways play a vital role in serving the transport needs of Hong Kong. The Kowloon-Canton Railway, with over a century of history, began service in 1910. The government has formulated different versions of the "Railway Development Strategy" over the years, from the 1960s "Hong Kong Mass Transport Study," which proposed the underground railway network, to the latest 2023 "Hong Kong Major Transport Infrastructure Development Blueprint." The latest development blueprint recommends the development of several new railway projects to support the "Northern Metropolis" and other new development areas.

The Hong Kong section of the Guangzhou-Shenzhen-Hong Kong Express Rail Link is about 26 kilometers long, starting from Hong Kong West Kowloon Station and connecting to the national high-speed rail network via a dedicated tunnel to Shenzhen Futian Station. Officially opened in September 2018, the West Kowloon Station features a "co-location" immigration checkpoint, allowing passengers to travel directly to mainland cities. The high-speed trains can reach speeds of up to 350 kilometers per hour, significantly reducing travel time and improving efficiency.

The Kwai Tsing Container Terminals, opened in September 1972, are one of the world's major international container ports. Operated by nine terminal operators, they provide 24 berths along about 7 794 metres of deep water frontage, capable of simultaneously berthing and unloading multiple ultra-large container ships. In recent years, the terminals have promoted intelligence and green initiatives, such as new energy vehicles and gantry cranes, solar power systems, and remote operation systems. They also provide green marine fuel bunkering for ships, recently completing Hong Kong's first simultaneous liquefied natural gas bunkering and cargo handling, enhancing efficiency and competitiveness with neighboring ports, and solidifying Hong Kong's position as a transshipment port and international shipping center.

The Peak Tram is one of Hong Kong's oldest public transportation systems, operating since 1888 as Asia's first ground-level tram system, spanning 1,278 meters. It underwent its sixth-generation upgrade in 2022, increasing its passenger capacity to 210. The Peak Tower was built in 1971 and was rebuilt and reopened in 1997. The Sky Terrace 428, located at the top of The Peak Tower, is Hong Kong's highest observation deck, allowing visitors to enjoy a panoramic view of Victoria Harbour from an elevation of 428 meters.

Hong Kong International Airport officially began operations on July 6, 1998. It has undergone multiple expansions, including the opening of the second runway in May 1999 and the third runway on November 28, 2024. In line with the strategic development of a world-leading airport city, Hong Kong International Airport has been voted the world's best airport over 80 times since its opening according to the Hong Kong Tourism Board.

The Central Kowloon Route is part of Hong Kong's Route 6, spanning 4.7 kilometers, with 3.9 kilometers being a tunnel connecting Yau Ma Tei to Kai Tak and Kowloon Bay. Expected to be completed by the end of 2025, it will reduce the travel time between West Kowloon and East Kowloon during peak hours from 30 minutes to 5 minutes, alleviating traffic pressure on the main roads across Kowloon.

Opened in 1993, the Central-Mid-Levels Escalator and Walkway System was designed to improve transportation connections between Central and Mid-Levels, providing residents and tourists with comfortable and convenient pedestrian facilities. The system includes multiple covered pedestrian bridges and escalators/moving walkways. It is the world's longest covered escalator system, with an estimated 100,000 daily users as of the end of 2024, making it a Hong Kong landmark.

The Cross-Harbour Tunnel (1972, one of the world's busiest tunnels), the Western Harbour Tunnel (1997, a key part of the Airport Core Programme), and the Eastern Harbour Tunnel (1989, Hong Kong's first tunnel combining road and rail traffic) are three vehicular tunnels connecting Kowloon and Hong Kong Island, promoting traffic and economic development on both sides of Victoria Harbour.

Route 9 is Hong Kong's New Territories Circular Road, spanning 71 kilometers and connecting New Towns such as Tsuen Wan, Sha Tin, Tai Po, Fanling, Yuen Long, and Tuen Mun. Core sections include Shing Mun Tunnel, Tuen Mun Road, Yuen Long Highway, and Tolo Highway, forming the New Territories' primary expressway system and intersecting with multiple other routes, supporting cross-border logistics and regional development.

The East Coast Boardwalk spans 2.2 kilometers along the Eastern Corridor, connecting Quarry Bay to Fortress Hill. It is a key project in enhancing the Victoria Harbour waterfront. The boardwalk is 10 meters wide, featuring both "leisure zone" and "shared zone" to integrate pedestrian, cycling, and pet-friendly spaces, with eight themed areas.